Pathophysiology Week 15
Group 1: Renal Calculi
address the following:
Identify and discuss the risk factors associated with the disorder.
Describe the clinical manifestations of the disorder.
Use bullet points not complete statements or paragraphs
Reference should be from scholarly peer-reviewed journals and be less than five (5) years from the date of publication.
Sample Answer
Renal Calculi
Renal calculi occur when crystal mineral deposits form in any part of the urinary tract, which results in kidney failure, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and risk of reoccurrence of the stones (Abou-Elela, 2017). The process of formation of kidney stones includes crystal growth and crystal detention. The purpose of this paper is to discuss renal calculi, risk factors, and clinical manifestation.
Risk Factors
Age: The condition is more prevalent in middle-aged people between 30years and 60 years because they are involved in heavy tasks resulting in dehydration due to low fluid intake (Abou-Elela, 2017).
Gender: Men are more likely to develop kidney calculi because testosterone enables urolithiasis while estrogen in females prevents stone formation.
Diet: Excessive protein, calcium, and sodium with less fluid intake contribute to kidney stones.
Lifestyle: Smoking and lack of enough physical activity contribute to the formation of kidney disease. Individuals with a sedentary lifestyle are prone to kidney stones.
Climatic and Environmental Factors: The frequency of kidney stones is by climatic conditions such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity.
Hot-dry areas have high evaporation rates of water from the skin leading to urine accumulation hence, kidney stones (Abou-Elela, 2017).
Clinical Manifestation
- Blood in urine
- Abdominal pain
- Burning sensation while passing urine
- Reduced urine volume
- Presence of urinary tract infection
- Distended kidneys
- Severe back pain
- Difficulty passing urine
- Bad smelling urine
- Frequent urination
Timely diagnosis of kidney calculi and treatment could help a patient from developing complications linked to kidney stones such as kidney failure or heart disease. Education of patients; at high risk of getting the condition on risk factors and healthy lifestyle will reduce the risk of the patients getting the disease.
Reference
- Abou-Elela, A. (2017). Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of uric acid urolithiasis: a narrative review. Journal of advanced research, 8(5), 513-527. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123217300504
