Immunizations Case study

Immunizations Case study

Requirements:
The Immunization assignment is worth 100 points and will be graded on the quality of the content, use of citations, use of Standard English grammar, sentence structure, and overall organization based on the required components as summarized in the directions and grading criteria/rubric.
Submit the paper as a Microsoft Word Document, which is the required format at Chamberlain University. You are encouraged to use the APA Academic Writer when creating your assignment.
Follow the directions below and the grading criteria located in the rubric closely. Any questions about this paper may be posted under the Q & A Forum or emailed to your faculty.
The length of the paper should be 2-3 pages, excluding title page and reference page(s). The title and reference pages should be in APA format.
Vaccination schedules should be obtained directly from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Resources for Healthcare Providers website and reflect the most current recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Additional scholarly resources may be used and all sources must be cited appropriately.
Following the directions above, answer each of the following case scenario questions:

Case # 1
You are rotating in the newborn nursery. Your next admission is a term newborn born at 3.5 kg, and all maternal labs are negative. The infant’s exam is normal.
What vaccine(s) should she receive and why?
What would you do if the mother tested positive for Hepatitis B?
What would you do if the mother’s Hepatitis B status was unknown?

Case # 2
Your first patient in primary care clinic is a healthy 2-month-old. She received Hep B #1 in the nursery. She is a term infant and parents have no concerns. Her exam is normal and there are no contraindications to giving her vaccines.

Which vaccines should the child receive at this visit?
When should she return and which ones would you administer at the next visit?
Which vaccination combinations can be used to minimize the number of needle injections, if available?

Case # 3
A healthy 5-year-old comes in with her mother for a well-child check in November. Her routine vaccines are up to date through 2 years old, but she has never received a vaccine for influenza. Her exam is normal.

Which vaccines do you recommend at this visit?
What anticipatory guidance should be given for a child receiving a flu vaccine at this age?
Are there any contraindications for the vaccines that you recommended today?

Case # 4
An 11-year-old girl presents for a routine well-child check. Her immunizations are up to date. Her exam is normal and there are no contraindications to giving her vaccines.

Which vaccine(s) do you recommend at this visit?
The mother is states that she only wants her daughter to have "the one required for school this year but not the others". How should the Nurse Practitioner counsel the mother and the patient?
The mother is agreeable to proceed with vaccine administration today. Are additional doses needed? If yes, state which ones and when.

Case #1, #2, #3
5 required elements

• The student provides a correct answer for question #1 including vaccine dose and the series sequencing.
• The student provides a correct answer for question #2.
• The student provides a correct answer for question #3.
• Appropriate rationale is provided for all responses.
• Sources are appropriate and in-text citations correspond with the reference page.

Case #4
5 required elements

• The student provides a correct answer for question #1 including vaccine dose and the series sequencing.
• The student provides a correct answer for question #2.
• The student provides a correct answer for question #3 including vaccine dose and the series sequencing.
• Appropriate rationale is provided for all responses.
• Sources are appropriate and in-text citations correspond with the reference page.

Sample Paper

Immunizations Case study

Case # 1

The initial vaccine should be the hepatitis B vaccine to protect the newborn from the Hepatitis B virus. Some of the approved vaccines include Engerix-B and Recombivax HB. The vaccine should be administered within a few hours after the birth, approximately 12 hours, and it is a three-dose vaccine series. It also prevents the newborn from spreading the hepatitis B virus to other people who might be unaware of its infection. The first dose should be provided at birth, the 2^nd dose at 1-2 months after the first dose, and the 3^rd dose between 6-18 months after. The dosage at birth is 0.5ml of the vaccine, whether engerix-B or recombivax HB (Hepatitis B foundation, 2022).

When the mother is Hepatitis B positive, both hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B Immune Globin should be administered to the newborn. The Hepatitis B Immune Globulin protects infants from developing hepatitis since they are already exposed to the virus by boosting their immune systems to fight the infection. 0.5ml of the HBIG should be administered to the infant. In case the mother’s Hepatitis B status is unknown, the hepatitis B vaccine should be first administered, and the mother should take Hepatitis B antigen test to determine her status (Hepatitis B foundation, 2022).

Case # 2

At two months, the patient gets the 2^nd dose of hepatitis B vaccine, the 1^st dose of rotavirus vaccine (RV1 or RV5), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib vaccine), tetanus, diphtheria, cellular pertussis (DTaP), Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13), and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021).

The patient should return to the clinic at four months, which is two months after the visit, for the next vaccination dosages. The second dosage for rotavirus, tetanus, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b, cellular pertussis, and inactivated poliovirus and pneumococcal conjugate at four months vaccines should be administered. Some of the vaccine combinations that can be used include Pediarix (DTaP + Hep B + IPV), which protects against 5 diseases, including pertussis, hepatitis b, tetanus, diphtheria, and polio. Pentacel (DTaP + IPV + Hib) can also be used; it protects against polio, tetanus, Haemophilus influenza type b, pertussis, and diphtheria (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021).

Case # 3

At 5 years, vaccines administered should include the 5^th dose for DTaP, the 4^th dose of IPV vaccine, the 2^nd dose of measles mumps and rubella (MMR), 2^nd dose for chickenpox, and 2 doses for influenza since the patient had missed the previous vaccination against influenza. The 2 doses for influenza should be administered four weeks apart to provide the patient with adequate protection against influenza (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021).

For this patient, the anticipatory guidance should include prevention strategies such as avoiding interactions with sick people, practicing regular hand washing if they are sick, they should stay at home, and avoiding unnecessary touching of the eyes, nose, or mouth. Some contraindications include, The MMR vaccine should not be administered to an immunocompromised patient (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021).

Case # 4

At 11 years, the vaccines to be administered should include 1 dose of tetanus, pertussis, and diphtheria, dose 1 of the 2 doses of human papillomavirus, annual influenza vaccine, and 1 dose of meningococcal vaccine. The NP should inform the mother on the need and importance of having all the scheduled vaccines at this age. The mother should be advised that vaccines wear off with time, and therefore administering all the vaccines will help boost the child’s immunity and prevent illnesses and infections. The additional doses for this patient will include 2^nd dose of HPV, which should be administered 6-12 months after the initial dose, and 2^nd dose of the meningococcal vaccine, which will be administered at 16 years (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021).

 

References

Center for Disease Control and Prevention, (2021) Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2021. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/childadolescent.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fvaccines%2Fschedules%2Fhcp%2Fchild-adolescent.html#note-hpv

Hepatitis B foundation, (2022) Vaccine Schedules. Retrieved from: https://www.hepb.org/prevention-and-diagnosis/vaccination/guidelines-2/