Discussion: Orem’s Self-care Practice Model.
Discussion: Orem’s Self-care Practice Model.
Running Head: DOROTHEA OREM AND THE THEORY OF SELF CARE 1
DOROTHEA OREM AND THE THEORY OF SELF CARE 2
Dorothea Orem and the theory of Self Care (F)
Dorothea Orem and the theory of Self Care
Dorothea is one of the leading nursing theorists, and was an important influence in service, practice and education in nursing. In this paper, the focus will not be on who Dorothea was, but on the theory of Self Care and how it was formulated explicated in the professional field. The four main stages of the paper will involve steps in which theorizing occurs, syntax is developed, the theory is tested and lastly evaluation.
Stage One: Theorizing
The self-care theory is development at an early stage of a nurse’s career. When an individual is working at an administrative capacity in state health board, their thinking is most likely aligned to finding a solution to the changing needs of the state’s hospitals (Orem, 1991). The changing needs can be met through proper definition of nursing practice and self-care. The concept is developed in line with what is seen to be important elements of self-care.
Stage Two: Development of Syntax
At this stage, the most important thing that is done is definition of concepts that are very critical to the theory. The most critical question that comes to one’s mind is related to definition of nursing (Taylor, 2006). Orem defined nursing as an act, which involves the process of assisting others in management and provision of self-care to improve the functioning of human at the level of being effective at home.
Another important concept that has to be defined in this case is the self-care. It is described as the practice and performance of certain activities initiated by an individual on their own behalf to ensure that they maintain proper life and health. The concept of nursing and self-care are about the existence of human beings (Orem, 1991). In the case of these theory human beings are defined as those with the ability to use and reflect on the symbols. The human is viewed as a total being that has developmental and universal needs and has the capacity to uphold self-care.
Third Stage: Theory Testing
The concept of nursing as defined by Orem has been split into three other important elements that include self-care, self-care deficit and theory of nursing system. Under the theory of self-care there is the understanding of what self-care means. The definition is that activity with is initiated by an individual in performing their own wellbeing and maintenance of life. The human ability to engage in self-care is what has been defined as the self-care agency. Such ability is conditioned through other elements such as state of development, age and life experience on sociocultural orientation and use of resources that are made available. The therapeutic self-care demand means the totality of self-care actions that are carried out for a given period of time to meet the requirements of self-care for a certain period of time and is related to a given set of actions and operations (Taylor, 2006). The self-care requisites make up part of the theory, and it means the actions that are carried out and directed towards giving of self-care.
Discussion: Orem’s Self-care Practice Model.
Discussion: Orem’s Self-care Practice Model.
The development of the theory also does involve making of certain assumptions that are very critical. The main assumption is that people are required to be self-responsible and reliant for their own health care and for the care of their family. In the theory, it is further assumed that the people are distinct individuals (Orem, 1991). Nursing is also defined through a given assumption which looks at the practice as a form of action that involves interaction between more than one individual. Meeting the needs of self-care is an important part of primary care and most importantly looks at prevention of ill health.
Fourth Stage: Evaluation
In the evaluation of the theory is a philosophical debate about how the theory is implemented. In this case the theory is looked at in terms of its strength and weaknesses when applied in nursing practice (George, 2012). The main strength is that it is a theory that offers comprehensive basis under which nursing practice is carried out. It provides utility for professional nursing in form of education, administration in nursing (Whelan, 2014). It is a theory that is contemporary and in line with the contemporary ideas of health maintenance and promotion.
The limitations to the theory also explain a better part of the philosophical application. The main shortcoming is based on the fact that health in most cases is seen as a dynamic and ever-changing concept. It cannot be viewed as a single element but as a whole with several parts. In general view, the theory can be said to be simple but it can be applied to variety of patients (Tomey & Alligood, 2002). It does provide an explanation of what nursing systems entail deficits in self-care and the terms under self-care. The theory is also an indication that patients are in need of taking care of themselves and that they are at a better position of getting better if they perform their personal self-care.
References
George B. J. (2012). Nursing Theories- The base for professional Nursing Practice, 3rd ed. Norwalk, Appleton & Lange.
Orem, D.E. (1991). Nursing: Concepts of practice (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book Inc.
Taylor, S.G. (2006). Dorthea E. Orem: Self-care deficit theory of nursing. In A.M.
Tomey, A. & Alligood, M. (2002). Significance of theory for nursing as a discipline and profession. Nursing Theorists and their work. Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
Whelan, E. G. (2014). Analysis and application of Dorothea Orem’s Self-care Practice Model.
You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.
Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.
Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.
The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.
ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS
Discussion Questions (DQ)
Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation
Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
APA Format and Writing Quality
Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.
Use of Direct Quotes
I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy
For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy
The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication
Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.
